Der Beitrag untersucht, wie es in einer Mittelstadt Normalität wird, Geflüchtete auszugrenzen. Dazu wird das analytische Modell feindseliger Orte formuliert, welches die Ausgrenzung der als fremd markierten Gruppe erklärt. Voraussetzung ist eine Normalitätsverschiebung, wodurch sich die...

Mixed-effects multilevel models are often used to investigate cross-level interactions, a specific type of context effect that may be understood as an upper-level variable moderating the association between a lower-level predictor and the outcome. We argue that multilevel models involving...

Context effects, where a characteristic of an upper-level unit or cluster (e.g., a country) affects outcomes and relationships at a lower level (e.g., that of the individual), are a primary object of sociological inquiry. In recent years, sociologists have increasingly analyzed such effects...

We examine cooperative behavior when large sums of money are at stake, using data from the television game show <i>Golden Balls</i>. At the end of each episode, contestants play a variant on the classic prisoner's dilemma for large and widely ranging stakes averaging over $20,000. Cooperation is...