all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems …, and in particular their institutional structures, account for a substantial part of the cross-country variation in student …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems …, and in particular their institutional structures, account for a substantial part of the cross-country variation in student …

primary and secondary school. Using PISA, PIRLS, and TIMSS data, we investigate the role of early educational tracking …

We examine whether and how teachers' major fields of study affect students' achievement, exploiting within-student … variation across subfields in natural science (i.e., physics, chemistry, biology, and Earth science). Using middle-school … students' data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and controlling student-teacher fixed effects, we …