intrinsic motivation for students with low skills, while girls also respond less to rank-based incentives if tested with less …How does effort respond to being graded and ranked? This paper examines the effects of non-financial incentives on test … performance. We conduct a randomized field experiment on more than a thousand sixth graders in Swedish primary schools. Extrinsic …

Are monetary and non-monetary incentives used as substitutes in motivating effort? I address this question in a … preferred one. The principals take advantage of this intrinsic motivation by offering lower piece rates and by using the choice … and non-monetary incentives imperfect. These findings have implications for the design of incentives in mission …

). Agents differ in their motivation to exert social effort. Our model predicts that lowering incentives for selfish effort in …We study, theoretically and empirically, the effects of incentives on the self-selection and coordination of motivated … prediction in a lab experiment allowing us to cleanly separate the selection effect from other effects of low incentives. Results …