Customer knowledge refers to the understanding of the customers’ needs, wants, and aims. It is essential for an organization to align its processes, products, and services to build customer relationships. Managers need to understand how the acquisition and the use of customer-related knowledge...

This paper investigates the learning effect of the unit production time on optimal lot size for the imperfect production system with allowable shortages. We seek to minimize the total cost of the imperfect production system through optimal determinations of the production quantity and the...