Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how executive pay schemes influence managerial efficiency, which the authors measure as the risk-adjusted firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilized hierarchical regression to test the hypotheses. Findings The authors find...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insights from the upper echelon, agency, and organizational identification literatures to help explain cross-cultural differences in top management team pay. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical paper building upon the executive...