Distinguishing attributes from benefits is a challenging yet important task for product development. Attributes represent the physical and psychological inputs that comprise a product from which consumers seek benefits. Some attributes are benefit enabling in the sense that their presence...

Economies of scope in direct utility models exist when consumers encounter costs and inconvenience in purchase and consumption. Travel time, product acquisition, training, expertise, and skills are examples of factors that impact the ability of consumers to derive utility from offerings beyond...

Firms develop products by manipulating the attributes of offerings, and consumers derive utility from the benefits that the attributes afford. While the field of marketing has long been aware of the distinction between attributes and benefits, it has not developed methods for understanding how...