involved in foreclosure, we investigate the degree to which the test scores of students attending high-foreclosure schools … suffer, even among students not directly experiencing foreclosure. We also explore the impact on individual test scores of … school-level (by grade and year) student mobility - that is, inflows of new students to a school during the school year …

students in Michigan for the main analyses, and complement this with analyses from a state-year panel. The study employs … that ACT science scores improved by 0.2 points (or roughly 0.04 standard deviations) as a result of the MMC. Students who … impact on high school graduation for students who entered high school with the weakest academic preparation, but other …

which the test scores of students attending high-foreclosure schools suffer, even among students not directly experiencing … foreclosure. They also explore the impact on individual test scores of inflows of new students to a school during the school year …

that relative grading, by creating a rank-order tournament in the classroom, provides stronger incentives for male students … than absolute grading. In the full sample, we find weak support for our hypothesis. Among the more motivated students we … find evidence that men indeed score significantly higher on the test when graded on a curve. Female students, irrespective …

mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …