all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

longitudinal data to estimate production functions for adult verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills, we find that: (1) School …; and (2) Pre-school and post-school experiences also have substantial positive significant effects on adult cognitive … skills. Pre-school experiences captured by height for age at 6 years substantially and significantly increase adult nonverbal …