- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY<b>RÉSUMÉ
- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
- INTRODUCTION
- 1. OVERVIEW OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEMOGRAPHIC AND LABOUR MARKET TRENDS AFFECTING PENSION INCOME
- 1.1 Income situation and pension incomes of elderly women and men
- 1.2 Factors affecting gender differences in pension income
- 2. EXISTING PENSION SCHEMES AND current TRENDS IN PENSION REFORMS
- 2.1 The EU role and approach to pension systems and gender aspects
- 2.2 Main characteristics of existing pension schemes
- 2.3 Recent trends in pension reforms and the effect of the 2008 financial crisis
- 2.4 The performance of pension systems and the projected effects of pension reforms
- 3. ASSESSING PENSION SCHEMES AND RECENT REFORMS IN A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
- 3.1 The closer link between benefits and lifelong earnings risks amplifying gender inequalities
- 3.2 Reducing gender differences in retirement age
- 3.3 The move towards multi-pillar schemes could increase gender gaps in pension income
- 3.4 Gender differences in access to minimum pension schemes
- 3.5 Care credits are important to support women’s pension entitlements
- 3.6 Derived pension rights may favour married women, but reinforce gender roles and penalise single women and double-earner couples
- 3.7 Performance of the pension systems in a gender perspective
- 4. PENSION SCHEMES FOR SPECIFIC GROUPS: THE PRESENT SITUATION, REFORMS UNDERWAY AND POSSIBLE ASSOCIATED RISKS
- 4.1 Gender differences in the fragile situation of ethnic minorities and migrant workers from third countries
- 4.2 Gender effects of the portability of pensions rights within the EU
- 4.3 Atypical workers and gender equality
- 4.4 Inactive individuals and derived pension rights: the case of lone women and men and survivors
- 5. CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCE LIST
- ANNEXES
- <List of tables
- List of figures
- List of boxes
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