Summary The current paper focuses on the management of external knowledge as a central mechanism when organizations face threats from turbulent environments. Based on absorptive capacity (ACAP) theory, we emphasize ACAP's separation into potential and realized knowledge and suggest that each...

The debate about standardization versus adaptation for foreign market has received increased attention in the literature since the early 1980s. This increase is due in part to the globalization of markets for many goods and services. Largely ignored in the rhetoric has been the issue of...