Advertising expenses and research and development expenses are typically treated as operating expenses that affect current income. Managers often view advertising expenses and research and development expenses as costs and have difficulty identifying any associated benefits. However, they both...

Value-based management systems concentrate on actions that generate value for the shareholders in the wealth creation process (Fisher 1995; Lieber 1996; Walbert 1994). This study focuses explicitly on profitability, growth, and capital intensity as drivers of the value of the firm by extending a free...

Purpose ? Based on their size, disposable income, and purchasing power, generation Y (Gen Y) consumers are viewed as the Holy Grail for marketers. Conversely, some of this group's behavior disturbs public policy officials, particularly when dealing with issues such as poor financial planning,...

Establishing the applicability of multi-item measures is important for making valid inferences when testing theories cross-nationally. Typically, researchers have relied upon the tenets of classical measurement theory (CT) using confirmatory factor model invariance testing to conclude that a...

Physical distribution services are becoming increasingly important as supply chains strive to become more efficient in the logistical flow of goods to industrial customers. Performance of these services, however, takes place during encounters that customers have with various interfacing...