To compete successfully in the market place, organizations optimally utilize their inputs and benchmark their key inputs and outputs against other successful firms. Two of the key inputs that organizations should effectively manage are marketing expenses and R&D expenses. In this research, we...

This article investigates the effect of unsolicited electronic messages, also known as spam and spim, on perceptions of e-mail and instant messaging usefulness. It is hypothesized that spam and spim should have a negative effect on electronic communication system usefulness, but the survey...