We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and … teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich … survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to …

We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and … teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich … survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to …

(HRT) with additional classroom management duties significantly improves students' test scores and cognitive and … noncognitive abilities. In contrast, these effects are not observed for subject teachers who are responsible only for teaching …. More experienced or female HRTs are also associated with a better classroom environment, more self-motivated students, more …