The collective sale of football broadcasting rights constitutes a cartel, which, in the European Union, is only allowed … authorities need to rethink the conditions and obligations they impose on centralized marketing arrangements in football. We …

This paper tests for the existence and consequences of customer-based racial discrimination in Europe’s five largest … professional soccer leagues. Most of the previous studies focusing on European sports, as opposed to North American sports, either … used wage models to identify discrimination of e.g., black players or focused on nationality instead of ethnicity or race …