Sweepstakes and contests are an extremely common promotional strategy used by firms. The sweepstakes and contests often differ significantly in the design of reward structure. For example, in 1999, Godiva Chocolates conducted a sweepstakes where one box of chocolates contained a diamond...

Conventional wisdom in marketing holds that retailer forward buying (1) is a consequence of manufacturer trade promotions and (2) stockpiling units helps the retailer but hurts the manufacturer. This paper provides a deeper understanding of forward buying by analyzing it within the context of...