International direct marketing has been around a long time in both the USA and western Europe. Yet both industries have evolved under different sets of circumstances. This 140‐company examination of US‐European international direct marketing strategies shows that US strategies seem to be...

As the Japanese have catapulted themselves to become a supereconomic power, many reasons have been given regarding their rapid progression – one of which is the claim that they are the world′s premier marketers. Certainly US marketers would argue this point. However, the unparalleled rise of...

Japanese General Trading Companies or sogo shoshas have been instrumental in the phenomenal Japanese economic miracle of the last 40 years. In 1982, the USA passed the Export Trading Company Act to home grow its own sogo shoshas ; to date the Act has been ineffective ‐ yet the need remains....