students. We use administrative data from North Carolina elementary schools to examine the extent to which teachers vary in … of students who do not receive disciplinary sanctions from the teacher. Similarly, while teachers with a racial bias in … the use of referrals do not negatively affect academic outcomes for White students, they significantly increase …

, finding a greater prevalence of group discussion used in schools positively affects students’ life satisfaction and …-girl schools. These findings are based on a sample from the 2015 PISA which includes more than 35 thousand students from …

(HRT) with additional classroom management duties significantly improves students' test scores and cognitive and …. More experienced or female HRTs are also associated with a better classroom environment, more self-motivated students, more …

students and teachers (e.g., role-model and Pygmalion effects). However, the evidence on whether these interactions actually … between teachers and students at this level amplify boys' large underperformance in reading while attenuating the more modest …

learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have … decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students …