This article aims to establish how Muslim identities in Germany have been constructed by others and how they differ from realities. Muslim communities have often been viewed with suspicion by majority ethnic groups in European nation states, but even more so since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in...

Das Ziel des ersten Teils dieser Dissertation ist es, die Unterschiede in der industriellen Entwicklung zwischen Deutschland und dem Iran anhand von Sekundärdaten zu messen, um dann in den weiteren Teilen zu versuchen, diese Unterschiede durch drei Hypothesengruppen zu erklären, um daraus...

Recent theories of the Long Divergence between Middle Eastern and Western European economies focus on Middle Eastern (over-)reliance on religious legitimacy, use of slave soldiers, and persistence of restrictive proscriptions of religious (Islamic) law. These theories take as exogenous the...