this question by evaluating the test score data from Tennessee's Project STAR class-size experiment, which randomly matched … students and teachers in this experiment were independently given. Models of student achievement indicate that a one …

subject content knowledge. Indonesia has been a committed participant in the TIMSS, Program for International Student …-economic levels into account. For example, for mathematics Indonesia ranked 36th out of 48 participating countries in TIMSS 2007, and … have been useful in providing an indication of Indonesia's relative standing in student achievement and its progress over …

? This paper presents experimental evidence on this question in the context of a policy change in Indonesia that led to a … permanent doubling of teachers' base salaries. The analysis uses a large-scale, randomized experiment across a representative …