Gender segregation in the labor market may be explained by women's re- luctance to choose technical occupations …, although the foundations for career choices are certainly laid earlier, during education. Educational experts claim that female … the classroom and unequal treatment by teachers. In this paper, we identify the causal impact of gender composition in …

promotion standards are chosen to maximize profit, the standards will reflect gender in ways that are difficult to distinguish …

gender-related expectations: assessing and acknowledging reality -- Chapter 1: The global view of gender discrimination in …Chapter 6: Women vs. women: gender tokenism, indirect aggression and the consequences for career advancement …: Creating paths for gender equality: overcoming career-threatening obstacles -- Chapter 7: Asian women in business: the bamboo …

makes the same career step. In most domains, this reflects a gender gap for "marginal" scholars, consistent with lower merit …Do gender disparities in academia reflect that female scholars are held to higher standards than males? We address this … question by comparing the scientific merit of male and female academic economists who make the same career step. Across four …