Students face four decision margins: (a) How many years to spend in school, (b) What to study, (c) How much effort to … effects on learning or dropout rates but they do appear to have positive effects on the reputation of high school graduates … not internalize the externalities that are pervasive in school settings and as a result students typically devote less …

This paper analyzes how changes in school expenditures affect dropout rates and standardized test scores based on data … from 465 school districts in New York during the 2003/04 to the 2008/09 school years. Past traditional regression … approaches show inconsistent results of school expenditures because of an endogeneity problem. The regression discontinuity …

- that compressed the academic-track high school curriculum into a (one year) shorter time span, thereby increasing time of … student ability. Finally, although the reform did not affect, on average, high school grade retention, I find that the latter … high-school curriculum did not compromise and benefited, on average, students' cognitive skills. However, they also raise …

, or in our context: school bullying) and via social media and electronic communication tools (cyberbullying). Using Google … learning, we document stark changes in the prevalence of (cyber)bullying in Germany: Our results indicate that during school … years affected by COVID-19, online searches for school bullying decreased by about 25 percent, while online searches for …

literature which indicates that peer effects cannot be estimated without taking into account the role of school decision makers …. We present indicative empirical evidence that gender peer effects in the Norwegian elementary school are conditional upon …

Most school systems grant teachers and school principals considerable discretion in grade retention decisions. This … which class size is subject to a class size cap, with teachers and school principals determining the share of students to be …