social environment affects women's STEM choices as early as high school. Using administrative data from China, we find that …Women have historically been underrepresented in STEM majors and occupations, a gap that has persisted over time. There … mathematics provide an affirmation effect that encourages female classmates to pursue a STEM track. …

increase scores on the national college entrance exam—the sole determinant of university admission in China. …

increase scores on the national college entrance exam - the sole determinant of university admission in China. …

of choosing a selective academic track as well as occupations in STEM fields. …

of choosing a selective academic track as well as occupations in STEM fields. …

of choosing a selective academic track as well as occupations in STEM fields. …

of choosing a selective academic track as well as occupations in STEM fields. …

and subsequent test scores in STEM subjects and increases STEM college participation, especially for girls. Second, a … classroom learning productivity and their STEM outcomes from a higher share of female classmates. Fourth, disadvantaged females …

and subsequent test scores in STEM subjects and increases STEM college participation, especially for girls. Second, a … classroom learning productivity and their STEM outcomes from a higher share of female classmates. Fourth, disadvantaged females …

and subsequent test scores in STEM subjects and increases STEM college participation, especially for girls. Second, a … classroom learning productivity and their STEM outcomes from a higher share of female classmates. Fourth, disadvantaged females …