Advances in data collection have made it increasingly easy to collect information on advertising exposures. However …, translating this seemingly rich data into measures of advertising response has proven difficult, largely due to concerns that … advertisers target customers with a higher propensity to buy or increase advertising during periods of peak demand. We show how …

This paper addresses two aspects of advertising: its role in supporting entertainment and news, and its role as an … investment. The author argues that in both roles advertising's contribution to output is being undermeasured in the national … income accounts. In some cases, one unit of nominal advertising input should be counted as two units of real output. In rough …