Using nationally representative linked employer-employee data we find one-quarter of employees in Britain are paid for performance. The log hourly wage gap between performance pay and fixed pay employees is .36 points. This falls to .15 log points after controlling for observable demographic,...

We develop an agency model in which managerial information manipulation creates pooling and entails ex-post costs internal and/or external to the firm. We examine the implications of the strategic interactions between shareholders (who set internal governance and the manager's incentive...