Through private labels, retailers typically provide their customers access to products that are cheaper than national brands. But how large (if any) are the discounts the shoppers receive for private labels relative to national brands in online grocery markets? Using the case of Walmart’s...

The business world has moved from using trademarks — simple symbols identifying products — to brands — rich symbols that feed business strategy. At the same time, networked and empowered consumers are using brands, brand language, and branding strategies to make decisions about what they...

Competition authorities and various digital platform regulations apply a double standard in their criticisms of Amazon's private brand programs. Amazon's private brand practices mimic those used by established retailers for decades. Comparably-sized retailers have orders-of-magnitude larger...

This provides a test of Kashyap’s speculation that branded goods are discounted less often when private label goods have a high market share. This was tested by (1) looking at a cross section across a large set of packaged goods categories and (2) looking at twelve product categories...

In this paper, we investigate how retailer competition and asymmetry affect store brand strategy when some of the consumers are one-stop shoppers. We find that when the intensity of competition between retailers is low, store brands can be used to shield consumers loyal to the national brand...

The private label products market is expanding day by day, and the decisions and applications made in this market have become important for retailers, national producers, and consumers. Consumers prefer private label products from retailers that they trust and perceive of high quality. Despite...

We show that typographic symbolism and sound symbolism both have an effect on the perception of brand names. The visual letters in a brand name (typographic symbolism) and the name’s silently ‘spoken’ phonemes (sound symbolism) both contribute approximately equally to the connotative...

While brand punishment – through either individual or collective action – has received ample attention by consumer psychologists, absent from this literature is that such punishment can take the form of unethical actions that can occur even when the consumer is not personally harmed. Across...