The integration of spatial identity is seen to be a crucial factor for successful place branding. However, spatial identity is often insufficiently conceptualised. In light of this, this article presents a theory-based approach to using spatial identity in an applied context such as place...

A number of studies have been conducted trying to describe and estimate the regional economic effects of sports clubs, especially of soccer clubs. Most of these studies focus on demand-side effects because regional multiplier analysis seems to offer a powerful tool for this kind of estimations....