The objective of this article is to bring together geographic, marketing and economic perspectives to examine how far infrastructure development can offset adverse national geographies in aiding economic development and involvement in the global economy. We use LISREL structural equation...

Latin America has emerged from the economic doldrums of the 1970s and 1980s to become a commercial power in its own right in the 1990s. The seeds for change were sewn with the 1980's movements toward democracy and free market economies. Then, in the 1990s, the region began to integrate...

China has become a driving force in the world economy, yet East‐West cultural differences remain a problem area for many managers. This paper examines the importance of Confucianism in shaping societal values in China and how these values have affected the Chinese style of management....

Global strategic marketing planning has become increasingly important with the advent of worldwide competition and the growing rapidity of change in the international marketplace. In this article, research and commentaries from the strategic management and international marketing planning...

Managing sales forces in multinational contexts is a topic about which little empirical work has been done. This article reports the results of a 14‐MNC, 135 subsidiary, survey of multinational sales management practices, focusing in particular on the extent to which head offices influence...

This article sheds light on MNC product transfers to subsidiaries – whether from the US or from third‐party markets – and on promotion transfers. Findings indicate that consumer goods subsidiaries have product mixes with heavy US orientations, but that this orientation diminishes over...