Monetary gifts in the form of a gift card can lead one to spend and conceive of these funds differently than if the gift is given as cash. Across four experiments, the presentation of a gift card rather than cash led to both intended and actual spending beyond the amount of the original gift,...

Ambush marketing is a marketing strategy that intersects with the law of unfair competition and one that provokes debate and competing arguments. The arguments of event organisers and sponsors have proved to be influential and, in response to pressure from those parties, legislatures in a number...

Digital Media has gained importance over the years, around the world. It has created impact in Pakistan too. This paper draws comparison in usage and impact of Digital Media in developed worlds with Pakistan and identifies the flaws, the potential and scope of digital media in Pakistan. Pakistan...

Decision system analysis (DSA) is a conceptually simple technique that maps the process of group decisions over time. The data are gathered in a variety of ways, but most often some form of protocol analysis is the foremost tool. The data are then condensed and depicted as a flow chart for a...

To compete successfully in the market place, organizations optimally utilize their inputs and benchmark their key inputs and outputs against other successful firms. Two of the key inputs that organizations should effectively manage are marketing expenses and R&D expenses. In this research, we...

Connected to an environment characterized by dynamism, the organization faces both opportunities and difficulties. It must possess a high capacity to adapt to changes and quickly respond to the environmental signals. The market or environmental instability may undermine the organizational...

This study aims at analyzing the role of wastage as a possible consequence of promotional offers and as a cause of skepticism towards these offers. After having presented a literature review of the effect of promotions on purchase, consumption, and non-consumption of food products by the...

The topic was selected after giving consideration to the modern environment and the use of media by advertisers for attention purposes of their products. It was also observed that the number of channels especially in the electronic media have also geometrically increased over the last two...

The topic was selected after giving consideration to the modern environment and the use of media by advertisers for attention purposes of their products. It was also observed that the number of channels especially in the electronic media have also geometrically increased over the last two...