When a television advertisement causes viewers to switch channels, it reduces the audience available to subsequent advertisers. This audience loss is not reflected in the advertisement price, resulting in an audience externality. The present article analyzes the television network's problem of...

Digital video recorder proliferation and new commercial audience metrics are making television networks' revenues more sensitive to audience losses from advertising. There is currently limited understanding of how traditional advertising and product placement affect television audiences. We...

This paper proposes a new measure of television advertising avoidance, the "Passive/Active Zap" (PAZ), as an occurrence of a set-top box switching channels during a commercial break after at least five minutes of inactivity prior to the break. 27% of eligible commercial breaks are interrupted by...

Despite a 20-year trend toward integrated marketing communications, advertisers seldom coordinate television and search advertising campaigns. We find that television advertising for financial services brands increases both the number of related Google searches and searchers’ tendency to use...