The extent of pharmaceutical advertising and promotion can be characterized by a balancing act between profitable … scenarios and test the model's predictions using a novel combination of sales, promotion, advertising, and adverse event reports … health events, and have extensive advertising and promotion. We find that advertising and promotion expenditures increase own …

We measure the impact of direct-to-consumer television advertising (DTCA) by drug manufacturers. Our identification … strategy exploits shocks to local advertising markets generated by idiosyncrasies of the political advertising cycle as well as … a 0.76% increase in revenue, while the same increase in rival advertising leads to a 0.55% decrease in firm revenue …

public health and welfare partly depend on whether, and to what extent, advertising: 1) raises "selective" or brand … and persuasive elements. Consumer advertising is more effective at enlarging the market, educating consumers, inducing … physician contact, expanding drug treatment, and promoting adherence among existing users. Physician advertising is primarily …